Headscarf and job recruitment—lifting the veil of labour market discrimination

Leckcivilize, Attakrit; Straub, Alexander

doi:10.1186/s40172-018-0071-x

Table 15 Controls and beauty, interaction effects (two-way clustering by photo and participant)

From: Headscarf and job recruitment—lifting the veil of labour market discrimination

Type of occupation	All	No contact	Contact	Low skill	High skill
Turkish origin	0.031	0.004	0.063	0.103^c	− 0.047
	(0.037)	(0.041)	(0.050)	(0.063)	(0.034)
Headscarf	− 0.197^a	− 0.200^c	− 0.206^a	− 0.123^c	− 0.239^b
	(0.070)	(0.107)	(0.070)	(0.063)	(0.093)
Headscarf × quality	0.073^b	0.127^a	0.022	0.039	0.118^b
	(0.037)	(0.035)	(0.047)	(0.026)	(0.055)
Headscarf × experience	0.053^a	0.046	0.060^a	0.042^b	0.052^a
	(0.017)	(0.028)	(0.017)	(0.018)	(0.016)
Headscarf × education	0.039^c	0.082^a	0.006	− 0.008	0.077^b
	(0.022)	(0.024)	(0.027)	(0.032)	(0.037)
Headscarf × english	0.051^a	0.023	0.076^a	0.005	0.105^a
	(0.013)	(0.015)	(0.023)	(0.035)	(0.037)
Beauty	0.064^a	0.063^a	0.063^a	0.050^b	0.077^a
	(0.015)	(0.019)	(0.023)	(0.025)	(0.019)
Photo female	− 0.046^b	− 0.079^a	− 0.020	− 0.049	− 0.045^c
	(0.020)	(0.019)	(0.035)	(0.040)	(0.025)
Quality	0.110^a	0.100^a	0.123^a	0.175^a	0.052^a
	(0.016)	(0.015)	(0.022)	(0.023)	(0.015)
Experience	0.043^a	0.029^b	0.056^a	0.051^a	0.047^a
	(0.011)	(0.013)	(0.017)	(0.016)	(0.014)
Education	0.158^a	0.140^a	0.175^a	0.142^a	0.183^a
	(0.014)	(0.016)	(0.023)	(0.022)	(0.018)
English	0.018	− 0.013	0.049^a	0.017	0.024
	(0.013)	(0.017)	(0.018)	(0.018)	(0.018)
Unemployed	0.003	− 0.020	0.026^c	0.013	0.002
	(0.012)	(0.017)	(0.015)	(0.014)	(0.016)
Computer	0.045^a	0.061^a	0.032^b	0.027^c	0.073^a
	(0.011)	(0.014)	(0.016)	(0.016)	(0.013)
Wage	0.008	0.010	0.006	0.023^c	0.002
	(0.011)	(0.010)	(0.019)	(0.014)	(0.014)
Samegender	0.021	0.027	0.013	0.003	0.035
	(0.019)	(0.023)	(0.022)	(0.027)	(0.024)
Samegender × beauty	− 0.041^b	− 0.040	− 0.036	− 0.037	− 0.044^c
	(0.020)	(0.026)	(0.027)	(0.023)	(0.025)
Time (photo)	0.224^b	0.129	0.352^b	0.241^b	0.208^c
	(0.104)	(0.121)	(0.144)	(0.114)	(0.112)
2nd position	0.002	0.039	− 0.034	− 0.006	0.012
	(0.023)	(0.036)	(0.037)	(0.034)	(0.036)
3rd position	0.023	0.047	− 0.003	− 0.002	0.051
	(0.032)	(0.040)	(0.041)	(0.043)	(0.038)
4th position	0.040^c	0.096^a	− 0.017	− 0.002	0.082^a
	(0.022)	(0.036)	(0.032)	(0.028)	(0.030)
Observations	3928	1960	1968	1944	1984

Notes: This table shows the relationship between applicant’s appearance and their characteristics and the chances that a CV is selected for a job interview. Turkish origin, headscarf, and photo female are dummy variables if the applicant is ethnic Turkish, wears a headscarf, or is female respectively. Beauty is a double-standardised beauty score of the photo. The variables quality, experience, education, english, unemployed, wage, and computer refer to the characteristics of each CV. They are rescaled so that a higher value is always better for the employer. Samegender is a dummy variable which is equal to 1 if the decision maker and the applicant are of the same gender. Position refers to the order of appearence of a CV within the occupation. Robust standard errors two-way clustered at the level of the applicant’s photo and participant are in parentheses. All regressions are estimated using LPM (linear probability model). ^a, ^b, and ^c denote significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively

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