Fig. 2From: Okun coefficients and participation coefficients by age and genderSmoothed trend and cycle components. a Male unemployment rate. b Female unemployment rate. c Male participation rate. d Female participation rate. Notes: The smoothed components for g t and h t in graphs e log(GDP) ×100 and f log(monthly hours worked) ×100 were those jointly estimated with the male unemployment and participation seriesBack to article page