Table 1 Summary statistics

Monthly wage (euros)

2764.73

2844.40

3120.55

3743.27

(std. dev.)

1578.74

6497.72

1767.68

2787.01

Tenure (years)

6.61

9.35

6.78

7.16

(std. dev.)

6.44

7.88

5.96

5.45

Age

43.02

43.91

41.85

40.89

(std. dev.)

5.67

5.65

5.62

5.57

Education

Low

.14

.09

.06

.03

Middle

.66

.54

.70

.63

High

.21

.37

.24

.35

Female

.27

.40

.21

.15

Part-time

.27

.39

.20

.15

Permanent contract

.96

.97

.97

.97

Position

Director and major shareholder

.04

.03

.02

.02

Temporary agency worker

.03

.02

.03

.03

On-call employee

.01

.01

.00

.00

Other

.93

.92

.94

.96

Sector of industry

Manufacturing

.25

.15

.26

.25

Wholesale and retail trade

.13

.11

.09

.06

Transport and storage

.08

.06

.04

.02

Accommodation and food serving

.01

.02

.00

.00

Information and communication

.00

.01

.00

.00

Financial institutions

.12

.03

.14

.22

Consultancy, research

.12

.10

.14

.15

Renting and leasing of tangible goods

.05

.05

.04

.03

Public administration

.00

.10

.00

.00

Education

.00

.08

.01

.01

Health and social activities

.04

.16

.05

.06

Culture, sport and recreation

.01

.01

.00

.00

Other services

.02

.01

.02

.01

Other

.16

.12

.21

.20

Observations

9195

37,347,346

1553

4179