The evolution of the gender test score gap through seventh grade: new insights from Australia using unconditional quantile regression and decomposition

Table 8 Associations between initial PPVT and WAI with characteristics

Variable	PPVT	WAI
Variable	(1)	(2)
Male	−0.12***	− 0.58***
Child age	0.05***	0.12***
Native	0.02	−0.16**
Aboriginal	−0.13	−0.17**
Low birth weight	−0.22***	−0.20***
Breastfeeding at 3 or 6 months	0.12***	0.06**
Mother age	0.02***	0.00
Mother NESB^a	−0.51***	0.22***
Mother ESB^a	−0.05	0.03
Mother has a certificate^b	0.04	0.10***
Mother has an advanced diploma^b	0.13**	0.14***
Mother has bachelor degree^b	0.23***	0.19***
Mother has graduate diploma^b	0.21***	0.15**
Mother has postgraduate degree^b	0.19***	0.24***
Mother’s weekly working hours	−0.00	0.00
Home environment index	0.10***	0.00
Out-of-home activity index	0.06***	0.06***
Having a computer at home	0.18***	0.19***
Household size	− 0.10***	− 0.05*
Number of siblings	−0.06*	− 0.05*
Number of younger siblings	0.08***	0.07***
Number of same age siblings	−0.12	− 0.09
Living with both parents	0.18***	0.12***
Living in an owned home	0.02	0.04
Household income (log)	0.07***	0.04*
Observations	3923	4312
R ²	0.18	0.25

Notes: Results from ordinary least squared (OLS) regressions. Sample: K cohort children surveyed in wave 1. All variables are measured in wave 1. PPVT and WAI scores are standardised
Significance at the *10% level, **5% level, and ***1% level
^aNative as the base group
^bNo qualification as the base group