The evolution of the gender test score gap through seventh grade: new insights from Australia using unconditional quantile regression and decomposition

Le, Huong Thu; Nguyen, Ha Trong

doi:10.1186/s40172-018-0062-y

Table 15 Contributions to the male-female test score gap at mean and selected percentiles by grade—numeracy

From: The evolution of the gender test score gap through seventh grade: new insights from Australia using unconditional quantile regression and decomposition

	Grade 3				Grade 5				Grade 7
	P10th	P50th	P90th	Mean	P10th	P50th	P90th	Mean	P10th	P50th	P90th	Mean
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)
Total gap	− 0.12	0.03	0.19	0.00	0.04	0.09	0.17**	0.15***	0.04	0.15***	0.38***	0.15***
Explained part
Child	−0.02	0.00	0.00	−0.00	0.00	−0.00	0.00	0.00	−0.00	−0.01*	− 0.01	−0.01
Child	[17]	[0]	[0]	[n/a]	[0]	[0]	[0]	[0]	[0]	[−7]	[−3]	[−7]
Household	−0.23***	−0.22***	−0.20***	− 0.23***	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.09***	0.12***	0.17***	0.13***
Household	[192]	[−733]	[−105]	[n/a]	[0]	[0]	[0]	[0]	[225]	[80]	[45]	[87]
Others	0.01	−0.00	0.01	0.00	−0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	−0.01	0.00	0.00	−0.00
Others	[−8]	[0]	[5]	[n/a]	[−25]	[0]	[6]	[0]	[−25]	[0]	[0]	[0]
Initial	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	−0.01	−0.00	−0.00	−0.01
Initial	[0]	[33]	[5]	[n/a]	[0]	[0]	[0]	[0]	[−25]	[0]	[0]	[−7]
Total	−0.23***	−0.21***	−0.19***	− 0.22***	−0.00	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.07***	0.11***	0.16***	0.11***
Total	[192]	[−700]	[−100]	[n/a]	[0]	[0]	[12]	[7]	[175]	[73]	[42]	[73]
Unexplained part
Child	−3.40	1.71	−4.09	−1.27	−4.69	−4.05	−2.80	−3.48**	−1.49	−3.32*	6.13*	−0.03
Child	[2833]	[5700]	[−2153]	[n/a]	[−11,725]	[− 4500]	[− 1647]	[− 2320]	[− 3725]	[− 2213]	[1613]	[−20]
Household	−0.00	− 0.01	− 0.02	−0.00	0.15	0.06	−0.12	0.02	0.13	0.14	0.08	0.09
Household	[0]	[−33]	[−11]	[n/a]	[375]	[67]	[−71]	[13]	[325]	[93]	[21]	[60]
Others	4.26	−0.90	4.79	1.42	4.28	−0.77	− 0.38	−0.01	2.91	−1.09	−4.68	−0.02
Others	[−3550]	[−3000]	[2521]	[n/a]	[10700]	[− 856]	[− 224]	[−7]	[7275]	[−727]	[− 1232]	[−13]
Initial	0.56	−0.09	1.12	0.23	−0.99	−0.21	0.68	−0.17	− 0.57	−0.64	− 0.58	−0.26
Initial	[−467]	[−300]	[589]	[n/a]	[− 2475]	[− 233]	[400]	[−113]	[− 1425]	[− 427]	[− 153]	[− 173]
Constant	−1.31	−0.47	− 1.43	− 0.16	1.29	5.05	2.77	3.78	−1.00	4.95	−0.74	0.26
Constant	[1092]	[−1567]	[− 753]	[n/a]	[3225]	[5611]	[1629]	[2520]	[−2500]	[3300]	[− 195]	[173]
Total	0.11	0.24***	0.38***	0.22***	0.05	0.09*	0.15*	0.14***	−0.03	0.03	0.22***	0.04*
Total	[−92]	[800]	[200]	[n/a]	[125]	[100]	[88]	[93]	[−75]	[20]	[58]	[27]

Notes: Females are the base group. Standard errors (not reported for brevity) are obtained using 500 bootstrap replications. Estimates from model 4 are used. Values in squared brackets are percentage of the estimated total gap. Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding. “n/a” denotes “not applicable” because of dividing by zero. Grouped variables: Student: age, Aboriginal status, and birth weight; Household: mother’s characteristics (age, migration background, completed qualification and working hours), having computer at home, home environment index, out-of-home activity index, household size, number of siblings, living with both biological parents, living in an owned home, household income, and school sector; Others: test states, test years, urban, local socio-economic background variables, and survey quarters; Initial: pre-school PPVT and WAI for grade 3 and previous numeracy test scores for grades 5 and 7
Significance at the *10% level, **5% level, and ***1% level

Back to article page