| Reading | Numeracy | ||||||||||||||
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P10th | P50th | P90th | Mean | P10th | P50th | P90th | Mean | |||||||||
Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |
Child test age | −0.02 | − 0.03 | − 0.01 | − 0.02* | − 0.02 | 0.02 | − 0.01 | − 0.01 | − 0.01 | − 0.03** | 0.00 | − 0.02* | − 0.01 | − 0.04 | − 0.01 | − 0.03** |
Aboriginal | −0.75* | − 0.57 | − 0.49*** | 0.10 | − 0.11 | − 0.06 | −0.56*** | − 0.07 | −1.40*** | −0.22 | − 0.48*** | −0.21 | − 0.33** | − 0.27* | − 0.68*** | − 0.25 |
Low birth weight | 0.13 | −0.33 | − 0.02 | 0.01 | − 0.23* | − 0.35*** | −0.04 | − 0.07 | 0.03 | − 0.17 | − 0.19 | − 0.11 | − 0.36*** | − 0.35** | − 0.16** | − 0.18** |
Breastfeed | 0.08 | −0.08 | 0.08 | 0.10 | −0.00 | 0.15** | 0.09* | 0.07 | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.17* | 0.17* | 0.05 | 0.09* |
Mother age | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01* | 0.01* | 0.02 | 0.02** | 0.01* | 0.01*** | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Mother NESBa | −0.01 | −0.00 | 0.10 | 0.18** | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.11* | −0.01 | − 0.01 | 0.15* | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0.38** | 0.13** | 0.11* |
Mother ESBa | 0.19 | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.13 | −0.03 | 0.03 | −0.01 | 0.10 | 0.20** | −0.03 | 0.09 | −0.08 | − 0.16 | − 0.04 | 0.06 | − 0.03 |
Mother has a certificateb | 0.05 | 0.08 | −0.04 | 0.04 | −0.09 | −0.04 | − 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.09 | −0.06 | − 0.03 | − 0.03 | 0.05 | −0.07 | − 0.02 | − 0.04 |
Mother has an advanced diplomab | 0.26* | 0.29* | 0.07 | 0.06 | −0.18 | −0.06 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.21* | 0.13 | 0.04 | −0.02 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
Mother has bachelor degreeb | 0.31*** | 0.31** | 0.20** | 0.31*** | 0.33** | 0.30** | 0.20*** | 0.31*** | 0.18* | 0.22** | 0.25*** | 0.25** | 0.29* | 0.31* | 0.17** | 0.32*** |
Mother has graduate diplomab | 0.11 | 0.26* | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.34* | 0.18 | 0.20** | 0.19** | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.10 | −0.23 | 0.10 | −0.01 |
Mother has postgraduate degreeb | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.29** | 0.36*** | 0.53** | 0.40* | 0.20* | 0.26*** | 0.20* | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.31** | 0.90*** | 0.38 | 0.26*** | 0.29*** |
Mother’s weekly working hours | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.00 | −0.00 | − 0.01** | −0.00 | − 0.00** | −0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00* | −0.00 | −0.00 | 0.00 | −0.00 | 0.00 | −0.00 |
Home environment index | −0.12 | −0.21*** | − 0.10* | −0.14*** | − 0.12 | −0.15** | − 0.12*** | −0.16*** | − 0.05 | −0.13** | − 0.13*** | −0.15*** | − 0.33*** | −0.10 | − 0.14*** | −0.15*** |
Out-of-home activity index | 0.04 | 0.07* | 0.08*** | 0.04* | 0.07* | 0.04 | 0.08*** | 0.04** | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.07*** | 0.06** | 0.11** | 0.07 | 0.06*** | 0.05** |
Having a computer at home | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.16 | −0.08 | 0.26** | 0.01 | 0.17* | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
Catholic schoolc | −0.10 | 0.01 | − 0.19** | −0.02 | − 0.18 | −0.23** | − 0.13** | −0.03 | 0.06 | −0.07 | − 0.12* | 0.01 | − 0.36*** | −0.22* | − 0.19*** | −0.10* |
Other independent schoolc | 0.14 | 0.19** | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.09 | −0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.03 | −0.04 | − 0.02 | 0.04 |
Household size | −0.05 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.12* | 0.05 | 0.05 | −0.10 | −0.00 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.09 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
Number of siblings | −0.06 | −0.21** | − 0.10 | −0.17** | − 0.14 | −0.26*** | − 0.12** | −0.14*** | 0.04 | −0.01 | − 0.07 | −0.06 | − 0.01 | −0.09 | − 0.02 | −0.10* |
Number of younger siblings | 0.12* | 0.04 | 0.15*** | 0.04 | 0.15** | 0.13** | 0.15*** | 0.06* | 0.09* | 0.02 | 0.08* | 0.03 | 0.15** | 0.13* | 0.10*** | 0.04 |
Number of same age siblings | −0.12 | 0.25 | −0.02 | −0.21 | − 0.10 | − 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | − 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.04 | −0.03 | 0.38 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
Living with both parents | 0.26 | −0.08 | 0.03 | 0.06 | −0.11 | −0.19 | 0.07 | − 0.02 | 0.19 | 0.11 | −0.01 | − 0.02 | 0.06 | − 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.02 |
Living in an owned home | 0.11 | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.08 | −0.03 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.17** | −0.03 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.08 | −0.02 |
Household income | 0.02 | 0.05 | −0.01 | 0.05 | 0.08 | −0.09 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.06 | −0.02 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.08* |
Initial PPVT | 0.24*** | 0.23*** | 0.23*** | 0.27*** | 0.21*** | 0.26*** | 0.22*** | 0.27*** | 0.14*** | 0.13*** | 0.11*** | 0.16*** | −0.02 | 0.16*** | 0.09*** | 0.16*** |
Initial WAI | 0.28*** | 0.19*** | 0.25*** | 0.25*** | 0.27*** | 0.15*** | 0.27*** | 0.22*** | 0.21*** | 0.33*** | 0.34*** | 0.29*** | 0.53*** | 0.35*** | 0.37*** | 0.31*** |
Observations | 1596 | 1629 | 1596 | 1629 | 1596 | 1629 | 1596 | 1629 | 1596 | 1629 | 1596 | 1629 | 1596 | 1629 | 1596 | 1629 |
R 2 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.35 | 0.30 |