Training and minimum wages: first evidence from the introduction of the minimum wage in Germany

Table 3 Difference-in-differences estimates on training

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Panel A: Dependent variable is the training incidence
DiD _{binary treatment}	−0.003
	(0.011)
DiD _{binary placebo}		0.004
		(0.009)
DiD _{intensive treatment}			0.0001
			(0.022)
DiD _{intensive placebo}				−0.003
				(0.021)
Panel B: Dependent variable is the training intensity (share of trained employees)
DiD _{binary treatment}	−0.018**
	(0.008)
DiD _{binary placebo}		−0.005
		(0.007)
DiD _{intensive treatment}			−0.041***
			(0.015)
DiD _{intensive placebo}				−0.020
				(0.014)
Observations	56,509	44,794	56,509	44,794

Difference-in-differences estimates with firm- and time-specific fixed effects. Cluster robust standard errors in parentheses (clusters are on the level of establishments). Dependent variables are describes in the titles of Panels A and B, where “training incidence” is a binary variable that takes the value 1 when firms provide training and 0 otherwise, and “training intensity” is a variable capturing the fraction trained employees (in the respective year) as of all employees. Data source: IAB Establishment Panel 2011–2015, analysis sample
*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, and * p<0.10