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Table 1 Summary statistics: pooled cross section 1982–1994

From: The career prospects of overeducated Americans

Variable

Mean

(Std. Dev.)

N a

Required education (years)

12.871

(1.751)

34,535

Overeducation (years)

0.391

(1.55)

37,087

Age

27.503

(3.904)

44,996

Black

0.112

(0.315)

44,996

Hispanic

0.058

(0.233)

44,996

Female

0.514

(0.5)

44,996

Born in the USA

0.963

(0.189)

44,996

AFQT

0.503

(0.274)

43,052

Rotter Scale in 1979

8.44

(2.371)

44,669

Sociability in 1985

2.894

(0.669)

43,897

12 years of education

0.661

(0.474)

44,996

14 years of education

0.129

(0.335)

44,996

16 years of education

0.148

(0.355)

44,996

18 years of education

0.063

(0.242)

44,996

GED (no HS diploma)

0.09

(0.286)

44,996

Northeast

0.194

(0.395)

44,748

South

0.331

(0.471)

44,748

West

0.171

(0.377)

44,748

Urban

0.785

(0.411)

43,828

Unemployment rate (in %)

6.814

(1.374)

44,748

HH in SMSA

0.767

(0.423)

42,708

Mother’s edu. (years, 1979)

11.965

(3.387)

41,395

Father’s edu. (years, 1979)

11.714

(2.557)

43,102

Lived with both parents

0.673

(0.469)

44,996

Employed

0.847

(0.36)

44,996

Out of labor force

0.106

(0.307)

44,996

Unemployed

0.048

(0.213)

44,996

Tenure (1000 weeks)

0.17

(0.173)

41,782

Number of jobs

1.407

(0.867)

44,996

Work experience (1000 h)

17.222

(8.800)

29,743

Weeks unemployed

2.291

(7.991)

44,275

Hourly wage

12.717

(6.158)

38,717

Occupational hazards

−0.138

(0.952)

37,889

  1. Unemployment rate (by region) corresponds to the annual unemployment rate for each Census region (BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics data)
  2. The measure of occupational hazards is drawn from a sample of the 1970 Census which included occupational characteristics from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT). An indicator for a DOT occupation having hazards was averaged within each 1980 Census occupation code; we then convert this percentage measure to a Z-score
  3. Tenure is defined as the total number of weeks an individual has worked in a given occupation across all employers. The total number of jobs is measured since the last interview
  4. Wages are measured in constant dollars
  5. a Person-year observations