Table 2 The wage penalty of field-of-study mismatch and overqualification
From: Field-of-study mismatch and overqualification: labour market correlates and their wage penalty
Country | Field-of-study mismatch with well-matched qualifications | Overqualification with well-matched field | Field-of-study mismatch with overqualification |
|---|---|---|---|
Austria | 0.00 (0.02) | −0.14*** (0.02) | −0.22*** (0.03) |
Canada | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.24*** (0.02) | −0.33*** (0.02) |
Cyprusa, b | −0.06 (0.03) | −0.24*** (0.05) | −0.37*** (0.05) |
Czech Republic | 0.00 (0.03) | −0.19*** (0.04) | −0.22*** (0.04) |
Denmark | 0.02 (0.01) | −0.18*** (0.02) | −0.21*** (0.02) |
England/N. Ireland (UK) | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.24*** (0.03) | −0.26*** (0.03) |
Estonia | −0.08** (0.03) | −0.24*** (0.03) | −0.43*** (0.03) |
Finland | 0.04* (0.02) | −0.14*** (0.02) | −0.19*** (0.03) |
Flanders (Belgium) | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.09*** (0.03) | −0.17*** (0.02) |
France | 0.03 (0.01) | −0.16*** (0.02) | −0.16*** (0.02) |
Germany | 0.00 (0.02) | −0.17*** (0.03) | −0.33*** (0.04) |
Ireland | −0.10*** (0.03) | −0.27*** (0.03) | −0.34*** (0.03) |
Italy | −0.09** (0.03) | −0.13** (0.05) | −0.17*** (0.04) |
Japan | 0.04 (0.03) | −0.21*** (0.03) | −0.24*** (0.03) |
Korea | −0.03 (0.03) | −0.22*** (0.06) | −0.30*** (0.05) |
Netherlands | 0.00 (0.02) | −0.18*** (0.02) | −0.30*** (0.04) |
Norway | 0.01 (0.02) | −0.16*** (0.02) | −0.18*** (0.02) |
Poland | 0.00 (0.03) | −0.25*** (0.04) | −0.31*** (0.04) |
Russian Federationc | −0.04 (0.04) | −0.08 (0.04) | 0.00 (0.05) |
Slovak Republic | −0.03 (0.03) | −0.20*** (0.04) | −0.20*** (0.05) |
Spain | 0.01 (0.03) | −0.22*** (0.04) | −0.26*** (0.03) |
Sweden | 0.05** (0.01) | −0.11*** (0.02) | −0.16*** (0.02) |
USA | 0.01 (0.03) | −0.25*** (0.04) | −0.30*** (0.04) |
Country average | −0.01* (0.01) | −0.19*** (0.01) | −0.25*** (0.01) |