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Table 1 Incidence of field-of-study mismatch and overqualification

From: Field-of-study mismatch and overqualification: labour market correlates and their wage penalty

Country

Field-of-study mismatch with well-matched qualifications

Overqualification with well-matched field

Field-of-study mismatch with overqualification

N

Austria

18.1 (0.85)

14.2 (0.76)

9.7 (0.72)

2523

Canada

21.3 (0.56)

13.2 (0.48)

15.8 (0.59)

10,615

Cyprusa, b

28.7 (1.23)

8.7 (0.78)

9.7 (0.75)

1508

Czech Republic

27.6 (1.26)

11.1 (0.97)

10.3 (0.85)

2612

Denmark

24.5 (0.73)

8.5 (0.54)

10.6 (0.61)

3666

England/N. Ireland (UK)

30.1 (0.88)

11.8 (0.72)

19.5 (1.03)

3714

Estonia

22.2 (0.70)

16.7 (0.66)

12.9 (0.58)

3217

Finland

16.1 (0.66)

10.9 (0.65)

6.5 (0.55)

2706

Flanders (Belgium)

29.4 (1.04)

7.9 (0.59)

9.1 (0.57)

2177

France

24.2 (0.65)

19.5 (0.68)

16.6 (0.63)

2785

Germany

15.7 (0.68)

14.6 (0.81)

9.6 (0.59)

2817

Ireland

22.0 (1.02)

13.2 (0.91)

19.1 (1.15)

1833

Italy

34.1 (1.34)

6.8 (0.89)

15.3 (1.06)

1450

Japan

26.2 (1.09)

16.9 (0.78)

18.6 (0.87)

2058

Korea

34.9 (1.13)

7.5 (0.61)

15.1 (0.86)

1967

Netherlands

24.3 (0.89)

8.8 (0.65)

9.5 (0.56)

2272

Norway

22.1 (0.90)

9.5 (0.59)

11.3 (0.60)

2687

Poland

30.6 (1.11)

7.9 (0.67)

9.7 (0.70)

3393

Russian Federationc

27.7 (1.50)

14.5 (0.86)

14.0 (1.77)

1599

Slovak Republic

29.4 (1.05)

10.5 (0.77)

8.6 (0.62)

2408

Spain

23.6 (1.17)

10.2 (0.84)

19.5 (1.13)

1539

Sweden

21.8 (0.80)

8.6 (0.53)

10.8 (0.67)

2421

USA

29.6 (1.14)

10.9 (0.90)

15.4 (0.88)

1805

Country average

25.4 (0.21)

11.4 (0.15)

12.9 (0.18)

2773

  1. Incidence is calculated over dependent workers. Source: Own calculations from the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) (2012)
  2. aFootnote by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”
  3. bFootnote by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus
  4. cThe data from the Russian Federation are preliminary and may be subject to change. Readers should note that the sample for the Russian Federation does not include the population of the Moscow municipal area. The data published, therefore, do not represent the entire resident population aged 16–65 in Russia but rather the population of Russia excluding the population residing in the Moscow municipal area. More detailed information regarding the data from the Russian Federation as well as that of other countries can be found in the Technical Report of the Survey of Adult Skills (OECD 2013a)
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