Table 6 Skill mismatch by socio-demographic groups

From: A new measure of skill mismatch: theory and evidence from PIAAC

	Literacy		Numeracy
	Under-skilled	Over-skilled	Under-skilled	Over-skilled
Men	0.095	0.184	0.081	0.201
	(0.005)	(0.006)	(0.005)	(0.006)
Women	0.090	0.138	0.094	0.131
	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.006)
Non-graduates	0.106	0.132	0.102	0.139
	(0.005)	(0.006)	(0.005)	(0.006)
Graduates	0.076	0.202	0.068	0.204
	(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.008)
Age <45	0.083	0.186	0.080	0.185
	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.006)
Age ≥45	0.108	0.125	0.098	0.139
	(0.005)	(0.004)	(0.005)	(0.005)
Natives	0.082	0.169	0.078	0.172
	(0.004)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)
Foreigners	0.183	0.100	0.171	0.121
	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.008)	(0.006)

Shares of under- and over-skilled workers. Bootstrapped standard errors in parentheses. See Appendix for details on the bootstrap procedure. Source: OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC)

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