Fig. 1

Distribution of birthdays and the McCrary density test. This figure shows the histograms of birthdays with the bin width equal to 10 days. The center of the graphs is zero, which represents January 1. The first graph on the left is the distribution of birthdays of UFPE first-time candidates between 2002 and 2005. The second graph on the right (PNAD data) is the distribution of birthdays of children born between July 1984 and June 1988, living in the state of Pernambuco, and with similar parental education to that of the UFPE candidates. θ is McCrary’s (2008) estimator for log density discontinuity, with standard errors in parentheses. *** represent statistical significance at the 1 % level