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Table 9 Balance tests for propensity score matching (High effort and diligence and NEET status– Model 3)

From: Youth unemployment and personality traits

Variable

Mean - Treated

Mean Control

% Bias

% Fall in Bias

t

p

Has 5+ GCSE with grade A*-C

.6748

.68997

−3.1

91.3

−0.99

0.322

HH yearly income >31,200£

0.35339

.36043

−1.5

62.2

−0.45

0.655

HH yearly income betw. 11,400£ and 31,200£

.42493

.40163

4.7

5.6

1.44

0.151

Birth weight

3.2889

3.2976

−1.5

83.5

−0.45

0.651

Premature birth

.10298

.1084

−1.8

−143.1

−0.54

0.592

Has older siblings

.8065

.79675

0.9

89.8

0.29

0.772

Grandparents went to university

.09973

.1019

−0.7

84.9

−0.22

0.827

Child has disabilty

.12846

.129

−0.2

96.7

−0.05

0.961

Main parent has disability

.20054

.21138

−2.7

−35.4

−0.81

0.416

Mother has a university degree

.15501

.15447

0.2

98.0

0.05

0.964

Mother has other higher education

0.15014

.17019

−5.7

−221.6

−1.66

0.097

Mother senior high school graduate

.1355

.12466

3.1

24.5

0.98

0.328

Mother junior high school graduate

.29485

.29973

−1.1

57.3

−0.32

0.746

Mother has qualifications level 1 or below

.08618

.07425

4.2

−78.1

1.33

0.183

Mother has other qualification

.02764

.03035

−1.6

−59.7

−0.49

0.624

Male

.44878

.42873

4.0

75.2

1.23

0.220

Single parent at birth

.19675

.20108

−1.1

60.1

−0.33

0.742

Mother younger than 20 at birth

.05854

.05095

3.2

−218.3

1.01

0.311

Black

08943

.06992

8.1

65.1

2.19

0.029

Asian

.15014

.15989

−3.1

87.1

−0.82

0.413

Mixed

.06721

.0607

2.6

−26.0

0.81

0.420

Mother was unemployed at wave 1

.01138

.01084

0.5

−3014.5

0.16

0.875

Mother was out of the labour force at wave 1

.24444

.24065

0.9

59.4

0.27

0.788

Single mother at wave 1

.19512

.18482

2.5

58.8

0.80

0.425