Table 8 Personality traits on NEET status in Bivariate Probit given different assumptions on the correlations of disturbances (AET Test) – Marginal Effects

High effort and diligence – Model 2

ρ = 0

ρ = -0.05

ρ = -0.1

ρ = -0.15

ρ set such that select on obs. = select on unobs.

NEET

−0.481

−0.395

−0.307

−0.220

0.158

−0.11

(0.049)^***

(0.049)^***

(0.049)^***

(0.049)^***

(0.047)^**

[–0.092]

[–0.077]

[–0.062]

[–0.046]

[0.037] rho = –0.29

Core NEET

−0.614

−0.527

−0.438

−0.349

−0.133

−0.05

(0.086)^***

(0.086)^***

(0.085)^***

(0.085)^***

(0.080)^*

[–0.033]

[–0.029]

[–0.026]

[–0.021]

[–0.010] rho = –0.26

NEET

−0.386

−0.299

−0.211

−0.123

0.408

−0.11

(0.052)^***

(0.051)^***

(0.052)^***

(0.052)^**

(0.048)^***

[–0.069]

[–0.055]

[–0.039]

[–0.024]

[0.097] rho = –0.43

Core NEET

−0.532

−0.443

−0.353

−0.262

0.169

(0.091)^***

(0.091)^***

(0.091)^***

(0.091)^***

(0.087)^***

−0.05

[–0.022]

[–0.019]

[–0.016]

[–0.013]

[0.011] rho = –0.36

Low self-esteem –Model 2

ρ = 0

ρ = 0.05

ρ = 0.1

ρ = 0.15

ρ set such that select on obs. = select on unobs.

NEET

0.401

0.318

0.233

0.151

0.423

0.08

(0.039)^***

(0.039)^***

(0.039)^***

(0.039)^***

(0.039)^***

[0.098]

[0.076]

[0.055]

[0.035]

[0.104] rho = –0.01

Core NEET

0.217

0.133

0.050

−0.031

0.226

0.03

(0.057)^***

(0.056)^**

(0.053)

(0.056)

(0.057)^***

[0.018]

[0.011]

[0.004]

[–0.002]

[0.019] rho = –0.005

NEET

0.382

0.299

0.214

0.132

0.248

0.08

(0.041)^***

(0.041)^***

(0.041)^***

(0.041)^***

(0.041)^***

Core NEET

[0.085]

[0.065]

[0.046]

[0.028]

[0.054] rho = 0.08

0.03

0.197

0.114

0.031

−0.049

0.073

(0.059)

(0.059)^*

(0.059)

(0.059)

(0.059)

[0.013]

[0.007]

[0.001]

[–0.003]

[0.004] rho = 0.07

External Locus of Control – Model 2

ρ = 0

ρ = 0.05

ρ = 0.1

ρ = 0.15

ρ set such that select on obs. = select on unobs.

NEET

0.290

0.205

0.121

0.039

−0.634

0.12

(0.048)^***

(0.048)^***

(0.048)^**

(0.048)

(0.043)^***

[0.067]

[0.046]

[0.027]

[0.008]

[–.126] rho = 0.55

Core NEET

0.350

0.267

0.183

0.102

−0.573

0.05

(0.067)^***

(0.067)^***

(0.067)^***

(0.066)

(0.059)^***

[0.029]

[0.021]

[0.014]

[0.007]

[–0.043] rho = 0.56

NEET

0.148

0.064

−0.018

−0.099

−0.812

0.12

(0.051)^***

(0.051)

(0.051)

(0.051)

(0.044)^***

[0.030]

[0.013]

[–0.003]

[–0.019]

[–0.143] rho = 0.59

Core NEET

0.228

0.145

0.0636

−0.016

−0.763

0.05

(0.071)^***

(0.07)^**

(0.071)

(0.070)

(0.062)^***

[0.015]

[0.009]

[0.004]

[–0.00095]

[–0.047] rho = 0.60