From: The effect of Georgia’s HOPE scholarship on college major: a focus on STEM
All graduates | Females | Males | Pre-HOPE | Post-HOPE | Difference | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | Pre/Post | |
Initial STEM major | 0.197 | 0.398 | 0.148 | 0.355 | 0.262 | 0.440 | 0.184 | 0.387 | 0.208 | 0.406 | 0.025*** |
Earned STEM major | 0.197 | 0.398 | 0.128 | 0.334 | 0.289 | 0.453 | 0.201 | 0.400 | 0.193 | 0.395 | −0.007* |
Initial business major | 0.107 | 0.309 | 0.094 | 0.292 | 0.125 | 0.331 | 0.107 | 0.310 | 0.107 | 0.309 | 0.000 |
Initial education major | 0.044 | 0.206 | 0.066 | 0.248 | 0.016 | 0.125 | 0.042 | 0.200 | 0.047 | 0.211 | 0.005** |
Initial health major | 0.028 | 0.166 | 0.045 | 0.208 | 0.006 | 0.077 | 0.021 | 0.145 | 0.034 | 0.182 | 0.013*** |
Initial liberal arts major | 0.185 | 0.388 | 0.183 | 0.387 | 0.188 | 0.391 | 0.191 | 0.393 | 0.180 | 0.385 | −0.010*** |
Initial social science major | 0.060 | 0.237 | 0.069 | 0.254 | 0.047 | 0.212 | 0.063 | 0.243 | 0.057 | 0.231 | −0.006*** |
Initial undeclared major | 0.378 | 0.485 | 0.393 | 0.488 | 0.357 | 0.479 | 0.391 | 0.488 | 0.367 | 0.482 | −0.024*** |
Earned business major | 0.261 | 0.439 | 0.213 | 0.410 | 0.324 | 0.468 | 0.241 | 0.428 | 0.278 | 0.448 | 0.037*** |
Earned education major | 0.153 | 0.360 | 0.216 | 0.412 | 0.068 | 0.252 | 0.171 | 0.376 | 0.138 | 0.345 | −0.033*** |
Earned health major | 0.057 | 0.232 | 0.090 | 0.286 | 0.013 | 0.114 | 0.056 | 0.229 | 0.059 | 0.235 | 0.003 |
Earned liberal arts major | 0.157 | 0.364 | 0.155 | 0.362 | 0.160 | 0.367 | 0.151 | 0.358 | 0.163 | 0.369 | 0.011*** |
Earned social science major | 0.175 | 0.380 | 0.198 | 0.398 | 0.145 | 0.352 | 0.181 | 0.385 | 0.170 | 0.375 | −0.012*** |
Post-HOPE dummy | 0.540 | 0.498 | 0.554 | 0.497 | 0.521 | 0.500 | |||||
SAT math | 518.4 | 92.8 | 498.9 | 85.8 | 544.3 | 95.4 | 513.1 | 89.8 | 523.0 | 95.1 | 9.953*** |
SAT verbal | 520.7 | 90.0 | 513.0 | 88.5 | 530.9 | 91.0 | 512.9 | 89.5 | 527.3 | 90.0 | 14.441*** |
High School GPA | 3.037 | 0.620 | 3.092 | 0.600 | 2.963 | 0.639 | 2.925 | 0.636 | 3.133 | 0.589 | 0.208*** |
Female | 0.572 | 0.495 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.555 | 0.497 | 0.587 | 0.492 | 0.032*** |
Black | 0.182 | 0.386 | 0.224 | 0.417 | 0.126 | 0.332 | 0.163 | 0.370 | 0.199 | 0.399 | 0.036*** |
Hispanic | 0.010 | 0.102 | 0.010 | 0.099 | 0.011 | 0.105 | 0.009 | 0.092 | 0.012 | 0.110 | 0.004*** |
Asian | 0.029 | 0.167 | 0.026 | 0.159 | 0.033 | 0.177 | 0.024 | 0.153 | 0.033 | 0.178 | 0.009*** |
Native American | 0.002 | 0.039 | 0.001 | 0.038 | 0.002 | 0.040 | 0.002 | 0.039 | 0.001 | 0.038 | 0.000 |
Observations | 42,399 | 24,263 | 18,136 | 19,497 | 22,902 |