Are public sector workers different? Cross-European evidence from elderly workers and retirees

Tonin, Mirco; Vlassopoulos, Michael

doi:10.1186/s40172-015-0027-3

Table 2 Demographic, socio-economic and health characteristics

From: Are public sector workers different? Cross-European evidence from elderly workers and retirees

	Workers			Retirees
	All	Private	Public	All	Private	Public
Prosocial (%)	15.8	14.4	18.0	15.5	12.8	20.9
Age
Mean	56.5	56.4	56.6	67.7	68.1	66.9
Gender
% Female	45.0	41.4	49.3	46.1	45.6	47.0
Couple (%)	74.1	74.4	73.7	68.4	67.5	70.1
Education (%)
No schooling	1.3	1.4	1.0	5.0	6.6	1.9
Primary education	8.3	9.9	5.6	26.4	30.8	17.5
Lower secondary	15.2	17.4	11.7	17.6	18.6	15.8
Upper secondary	40.5	45.6	32.1	32.2	32.5	31.6
Post-secondary non-tertiary	3.9	3.6	4.5	1.8	1.3	3.0
First stage of tertiary	29.5	21.4	42.6	15.8	9.5	28.3
Second stage of tertiary education	1.2	0.6	2.2	0.6	0.2	1.4
Still in school				0.1	0.2	0.1
Other	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.5
Limited activities (%)
Severely limited	6.9	7.7	5.7	12.9	13.1	12.5
Limited, but not severely	21.5	21.9	20.8	30.6	32.1	27.8
Not limited	71.6	70.4	73.5	56.5	54.8	59.8
Income
Mean	40.2	38.4	43.2	30.8	28.2	35.9
Location (%)
A big city	14.6	15.1	13.8	13.1	12.8	13.8
The suburbs	14.1	13.2	15.6	13.2	12.5	14.7
A large town	13.8	12.5	16.1	13.2	12.2	15.3
A small town	23.3	24.3	21.6	26.5	27.4	24.6
Rural area or village	25.1	26.2	23.3	26.1	27.2	24.0
Missing	9.0	8.7	9.6	7.9	8.0	7.7
Occupation (%)
Legislator, senior official or manager	9.9	7.8	13.4	7.1	5.5	10.2
Professional	13.6	6.6	25.1	8.8	3.5	19.4
Technician or associate professional	15.9	14.8	17.8	13.4	11.4	17.4
Clerk	17.4	16.9	18.4	15.9	14.6	18.5
Service worker and shop and market sale	14.8	16.6	11.9	11.4	11.2	11.9
Skilled agricultural or fishery worker	1.5	2.0	0.7	3.6	4.9	1.0
Craft and related trades worker	9.9	14.6	2.4	12.3	16.3	4.3
Plant and machine operator or assembler	7.1	10.2	1.9	9.8	12.3	4.7
Elementary occupation	9.5	10.5	7.9	17.0	20.3	10.6
Armed forces	0.3	0.0	0.7	0.8	0.0	2.2
Hours worked per week	35.8	36.2	35.1
Time pressure due to heavy workload
Strongly agree	17.2	18.0	15.9
Agree	34.3	34.9	33.2
Disagree	35.8	34.4	37.9
Strongly disagree	12.8	12.6	13.0
Job salary adequate
Strongly agree	10.2	10.5	9.7
Agree	45.7	45.5	46.0
Disagree	32.2	31.8	32.8
Strongly disagree	12.0	12.2	11.6
Club (%)	28.7	27.4	31.0	21.9	20.1	25.50

For workers, there are statistically significant differences across the two sectors in all of the characteristics, with the exception of age, couple, limited activities, time pressure and job salary adequate. For retirees, the only exception is gender. Income is in 1,000 euros 2007 Germany PPP.

Back to article page