The long-term effects of military conscription on educational attainment and wages

Table 3 Reduced form and IV estimates of the effect of military service on log annual wages ¹

	± 1 birth cohort		± 2 birth cohorts		± 3 birth cohorts
Log annual wages	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Reduced form	-0.013*	-0.013*	-0.017**	-0.015**	-0.019***	-0.017**
	(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)
IV	-0.031*	-0.029*	-0.036**	-0.032*	-0.038**	-0.033**
	(0.017)	(0.018)	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.017)
Log annual wages	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Reduced form	-0.013*	-0.011	-0.015**	-0.013*	-0.016**	-0.013**
	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)
IV	-0.028*	-0.026	-0.033**	-0.029*	-0.034**	-0.028*
	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.016)	(0.016)	(0.016)	(0.016)
Control: Years of education	0.051***	0.051***	0.049***	0.049***	0.049***	0.049***
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
Log annual wages	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Reduced form	-0.008	-0.007	-0.012*	-0.010	-0.014**	-0.011*
	(0.007)	(0.008)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)
IV	-0.019	-0.017	-0.024	-0.021	-0.028*	-0.022
	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.016)	(0.016)
Control: University education	0.348***	0.348***	0.339***	0.339***	0.331***	0.331***¹
	(0.011)	(0.011)	(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.008)
Age polynomials	linear	quadratic	linear	quadratic	linear	quadratic
Observations	17,605	17,605	29,228	29,228	40,481	40,481

Notes: Each cell is based on a separate regression of wages on military conscription as specified in Equations (2) and (4). Standard errors in parentheses: ***p <0.01, **p <0.05, *p <0.1.