(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ln(HourlyWage) | ln(HourlyWage) | ln(HourlyWage) | ln(HourlyWage) | |||||
Required education (years) | 0.074*** | (0.0081) | 0.076*** | (0.0090) | 0.075*** | (0.0074) | 0.076*** | (0.0102) |
Schooling above required (years) | 0.019* | (0.0107) | 0.015 | (0.0101) | 0.029*** | (0.0088) | 0.028** | (0.0115) |
Schooling below required (years) | −0.062*** | (0.0168) | −0.060*** | (0.0175) | −0.064*** | (0.0210) | −0.063*** | (0.0233) |
Black | 0.047 | (0.0405) | 0.050 | (0.0428) | 0.040 | (0.0503) | 0.041 | (0.0425) |
Hispanic | 0.034 | (0.0484) | 0.030 | (0.0575) | 0.037 | (0.0543) | 0.036 | (0.0462) |
Female | −0.099*** | (0.0233) | −0.100*** | (0.0260) | −0.097*** | (0.0214) | −0.097*** | (0.0259) |
Born in the USA | −0.115* | (0.0626) | −0.114** | (0.0553) | −0.117* | (0.0626) | −0.116* | (0.0649) |
AFQTa | 0.188*** | (0.0376) | 0.189*** | (0.0391) | 0.181*** | (0.0370) | 0.180*** | (0.0349) |
Rottes Scale in 1979 | −0.006 | (0.0057) | −0.006 | (0.0051) | −0.006 | (0.0057) | −0.006 | (0.0046) |
Sociability in 1985 | 0.004 | (0.0181) | 0.005 | (0.0166) | 0.001 | (0.0201) | 0.001 | (0.0161) |
GED (no HS diploma) | 0.018 | (0.0872) | 0.026 | (0.1086) | 0.015 | (0.1085) | 0.017 | (0.0944) |
Northeast | 0.131*** | (0.0332) | 0.128*** | (0.0286) | 0.134*** | (0.0319) | 0.133*** | (0.0277) |
South | 0.010 | (0.0338) | 0.004 | (0.0246) | 0.009 | (0.0328) | 0.008 | (0.0294) |
West | 0.052** | (0.0250) | 0.052 | (0.0367) | 0.059* | (0.0357) | 0.059* | (0.0351) |
Unemployment rate | 0.006 | (0.0054) | 0.005 | (0.0070) | 0.007 | (0.0052) | 0.007 | (0.0068) |
HH in SMSA | 0.105*** | (0.0342) | 0.110*** | (0.0375) | 0.112*** | (0.0377) | 0.113*** | (0.0351) |
Tenure (1000 weeks) | 0.152** | (0.0593) | 0.147*** | (0.0551) | 0.166*** | (0.0562) | 0.167*** | (0.0636) |
Work experience (1000 h) | 0.039*** | (0.0072) | 0.041*** | (0.0079) | 0.043*** | (0.0078) | 0.044*** | (0.0066) |
Work experience2 (1000 h) | −0.012*** | (0.0024) | −0.012*** | (0.0025) | −0.013*** | (0.0023) | −0.013*** | (0.0021) |
Number of jobs | −0.061*** | (0.0143) | −0.062*** | (0.0118) | −0.060*** | (0.0113) | −0.060*** | (0.0124) |
Total unemp. (weeks) | −0.002*** | (0.0005) | −0.001** | (0.0006) | ||||
Occupational hazards | 0.054*** | (0.0125) | 0.051*** | (0.0116) | 0.049*** | (0.0136) | 0.049*** | (0.0159) |
Type 1 | −0.120** | (0.0566) | −0.033 | (0.0587) | ||||
Constant | 1.161*** | (0.2101) | 1.129*** | (0.2536) | 1.321*** | (0.2320) | 1.321*** | (0.2405) |
Unemployed (t−1) | −0.112* | (0.0572) | −0.114* | (0.0668) | ||||
Unemployed (t−2) | −0.051 | (0.0432) | −0.051 | (0.0456) | ||||
Unemployed (t−3) | −0.013 | (0.0383) | −0.013 | (0.0401) | ||||
Unemployed (t−4) | −0.033 | (0.0561) | −0.033 | (0.0590) | ||||
Overeducated (t−1) | −0.060*** | (0.0137) | −0.062*** | (0.0142) | ||||
Overeducated (t−2) | −0.048*** | (0.0120) | −0.050*** | (0.0111) | ||||
Overeducated (t−3) | −0.041*** | (0.0125) | −0.044*** | (0.0126) | ||||
Overeducated (t−4) | −0.030** | (0.0144) | −0.032** | (0.0127) | ||||
Overeducated (t−1), spell ongoing | 0.031 | (0.0206) | 0.030* | (0.0180) | ||||
Overeducated (t−2), spell ongoing | 0.012 | (0.0261) | 0.010 | (0.0328) | ||||
Overeducated (t−3), spell ongoing | 0.026 | (0.0345) | 0.026 | (0.0408) | ||||
Overeducated (t−4), spell ongoing | 0.011 | (0.0530) | 0.006 | (0.0500) | ||||
Observations | 3906 | 3906 | 3906 | 3906 |